PL. —Penstemon digitalisBotanical illustration — drop image
Penstemon digitalis

Foxglove Beardtongue

Summer
3a8bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
In bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Penstemon digitalis is a native North American perennial producing upright stems of white, tubular flowers in early summer. Native to the Mississippi basin and now naturalized broadly across eastern North America, it is one of the most cold-hardy and widely adapted species in the genus. The cultivar 'Husker Red', selected for dark burgundy foliage, is widely available and more ornamentally striking than the straight species.

Plants tolerate clay and average soils and hold up well to periodic drought once established. Basal foliage often develops burgundy tones in fall and may persist through mild winters. Individual plants typically live 3–5 years, but moderate self-seeding sustains populations; cutting stems before seeds disperse limits unwanted spread. Long-tongued native bees, particularly bumblebees and miner bees, are the primary pollinators, and ruby-throated hummingbirds visit regularly.

Care guide
SunFull sun to part shade
WaterLow
SoilWell-drained, average to clay
Spacing18–24 in
Height24–48 in
Zone3a – 8b
Native RegionAL, AR, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI
Direct sowFrost hardy
Seasonal tasks
winter
sowStart seeds indoors 8 weeks before last frost, pressing onto a damp seed-starting mix without covering — seeds need light to germinate.
spring
sowTransplant seedlings outdoors after last frost, spacing 18–24 inches apart in well-drained soil.
summer
sowDirect sow seeds in fall, scattering on the soil surface without covering; natural cold stratification over winter improves spring germination.
watchMonitor for powdery mildew during warm, humid stretches; thin overcrowded stems to improve air circulation.
cutCut spent flower stems back to the basal rosette after blooming to reduce self-seeding and encourage a second flush of foliage growth.
fall
cutCut remaining stems to near ground level in late fall after foliage has died back.
Common problems

Powdery mildew

Symptoms

White or grey powdery coating on leaves — usually starting on older growth in humid conditions or when nights cool.

Treatment

Improve air circulation by thinning plants. Apply neem oil or potassium bicarbonate spray at first sign. Avoid overhead watering.

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.