PL. —Vernonia glaucaBotanical illustration — drop image
Vernonia glauca

Broadleaf Ironweed

SummerFall
5a8bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
In bloom
Summer
Peak bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Vernonia glauca is a native upland perennial of the eastern United States, producing flat-topped clusters of vivid deep-purple florets from midsummer through fall on stems that reach 3–6 feet. It occupies drier, well-drained upland sites — woodland edges, roadsides, open woods — unlike the closely related New York ironweed (V. noveboracensis), which prefers wetter ground. The late-season color draws monarchs, swallowtails, skippers, and a wide range of native bees when few other perennials are at peak interest.

Established plants are drought tolerant once roots are deep, and the stout stems persist upright through winter, holding seed for birds. The species spreads slowly by short rhizomes and reseeds at a manageable rate. In rich, moist soil, stems reach the upper end of their height range and may need support; leaner, drier soil produces shorter, self-supporting plants. A light mulch helps retain moisture through the first season while roots establish. Seeds benefit from cold stratification and germinate most reliably when direct-sown outdoors in fall. Soil pH between 5.5 and 7.0 suits it well.

Various North American Vernonia species have a documented history of use among eastern woodland peoples as bitter tonics and for fever management, though V. glauca specifically has limited peer-reviewed clinical study.

Care guide
SunFull sun to part shade
WaterLow
SoilWell-drained, loamy to clay, tolerates dry
Spacing24–36 in
Height36–72 in
Zone5a – 8b
Native RegionAL, DC, GA, MD, MS, NJ, NY, NC, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV
Direct sowFrost hardy
Seasonal tasks
spring
cutCut old stems to within 2–3 inches of the ground before new basal growth emerges in late winter.
cutDivide crowded clumps every 3–4 years by lifting and splitting the root mass with a sharp spade; replant divisions immediately at the same depth.
sowTransplant container-grown seedlings into the garden after last frost; water in thoroughly and mulch lightly to aid establishment.
summer
watchCheck leaf undersides for orange rust pustules during humid stretches; remove and destroy affected foliage to slow spread.
watchLook for aster yellows — stunted shoots, yellowed foliage, distorted growth — and remove infected plants immediately; the phytoplasma has no cure and spreads via leafhoppers.
fall
sowDirect sow seeds onto soil surface outdoors in fall; winter cold stratifies them naturally for reliable spring germination.
cutLeave seed heads standing through autumn to feed goldfinches and sparrows; cut stems to the ground before spring growth resumes.
Common problems

Rust

Symptoms

Orange to brown raised pustules on the undersides of leaves, with yellow spotting on the upper surface. Heavy infections cause leaves to yellow and drop.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation. Apply a sulfur or copper-based fungicide if it spreads. Clear plant debris in fall.

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Powdery mildew

Symptoms

White or grey powdery coating on leaves — usually starting on older growth in humid conditions or when nights cool.

Treatment

Improve air circulation by thinning plants. Apply neem oil or potassium bicarbonate spray at first sign. Avoid overhead watering.

Aster Yellows

Symptoms

Deformed, greenish flowers, stunted growth, and yellowed foliage. Flower centers may produce tufts of leafy growth instead of normal petals.

Treatment

No cure. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately to stop spread. Control leafhoppers, which transmit the disease, and remove nearby weed hosts.