PL. —Gelsemium rankiniiBotanical illustration — drop image
Gelsemium rankinii

Swamp Jessamine

SpringSummerFall
7a9bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
Peak bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Gelsemium rankinii (Rankin's trumpetflower) is a native twining vine of the southeastern United States, growing wild in swamps, pocosins, and wet woodland margins from Louisiana to the Carolinas. It is closely related to Carolina jessamine (G. sempervirens) but better suited to consistently wet sites and tolerates brief flooding. Gardeners developing rain gardens, bog edges, or moist naturalized areas will find it a useful native alternative to exotic climbing vines.

The vine climbs by twining and typically reaches 10–20 feet with adequate support. It blooms twice — a flush of small yellow trumpet-shaped flowers in early spring and a second flush in fall — extending seasonal interest beyond most comparable vines. Flowers are not fragrant, which immediately distinguishes it from G. sempervirens. It thrives in acidic, humus-rich soil kept consistently moist and responds well to a thick organic mulch layer to retain moisture and buffer root temperatures. Cold-hardiness is slightly below that of Carolina jessamine. It is less available in the general nursery trade; local native plant specialists are the most reliable source.

All parts of the plant contain gelsemine and related strychnine-class alkaloids and are toxic to humans, livestock, and most wildlife. The genus has been studied for analgesic and anxiolytic properties, and G. sempervirens carries a history of use in botanical and homeopathic medicine for headache and neuralgia, but no safe therapeutic application has been established for G. rankinii specifically. Handle plants with care and wash hands after contact.

Care guide
SunPart shade to full sun
WaterMoist to wet
SoilMoist, acidic, humus-rich
Spacing6–10 ft
Height10–20 ft
Zone7a – 9b
WinterHardy to zone 7 in the ground. In colder zones grow in a container and overwinter it in a bright, cool indoor room; keep barely moist until spring.
Native RegionAL, FL, GA, LA, MS, NC, SC, VA
Seasonal tasks
spring
watchMonitor soil moisture weekly through the first growing season. The vine establishes slowly if allowed to dry out; water deeply whenever the top inch of soil loses moisture.
cutIn late winter, cut out any frost-killed or dead stems back to live wood before new growth resumes. Replenish mulch over the root zone after pruning.
sowPlant nursery-grown transplants at the base of a trellis, fence, or arbor after the last frost, spacing plants 6–10 feet apart. Water in well and apply 3 inches of organic mulch.
summer
cutAfter the spring flowering flush, trim any overly long or crossing stems to keep growth tidy on the support structure. Avoid heavy pruning, which may reduce the fall rebloom.
watchInspect foliage during humid stretches for leaf spot lesions or sooty mold. Remove affected leaves and thin dense growth to improve air circulation.
fall
watchWatch for the secondary fall flowering period. Deadleaf any yellowing foliage at this time but leave stems intact to protect crown tissue heading into winter.
Common problems

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Phytophthora Root Rot

Symptoms

Wilting despite moist soil, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and dark, decayed roots and crown tissue. Vines may collapse during hot weather.

Treatment

Plant in well-draining soil and avoid waterlogging. Remove and destroy affected vines. Improve drainage with raised beds or amended soil and avoid overwatering.

Powdery mildew

Symptoms

White or grey powdery coating on leaves — usually starting on older growth in humid conditions or when nights cool.

Treatment

Improve air circulation by thinning plants. Apply neem oil or potassium bicarbonate spray at first sign. Avoid overhead watering.