PL. —Heuchera maximaBotanical illustration — drop image
Heuchera maxima

Island Alum Root

WinterSpringSummerFall
8a10bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
In bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
In bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Heuchera maxima is endemic to the Channel Islands of California, where it colonizes shaded canyon walls and rocky outcrops on Santa Cruz, Santa Rosa, and Anacapa islands. It is significantly larger than most heucheras, producing bold lobed foliage and tall wands of small white to pinkish flowers that attract hummingbirds. In coastal and mild-climate gardens it functions as an evergreen groundcover for dry shade, a niche few perennials fill reliably.

Established plants tolerate summer drought, which is unusual among shade perennials. Plant in sharply drained soil with good air circulation; wet, heavy soil in winter is the primary driver of crown rot and Phytophthora loss. A gritty or rocky planting medium closely mimics the native cliff habitat and improves long-term vigor. Divide clumps every four to five years when the crown becomes woody and heaves above the soil surface.

Like other alum roots, the roots and leaves are high in tannins, which gives the genus its common name and accounts for its documented astringent properties. Indigenous peoples of coastal California used related Heuchera species as astringents for wounds, gastrointestinal complaints, and mouth inflammations.

Care guide
SunPart shade to full shade
WaterLow
SoilWell-drained, rocky, lean
Spacing24–36 in
Height18–48 in
Zone8a – 10b
Native RegionCA
Seasonal tasks
winter
watchMonitor drainage through the first wet season. Standing water at the crown leads quickly to crown rot and Phytophthora; improve drainage with coarse grit or raise the planting site slightly.
spring
watchCheck for hummingbird activity as flower wands extend in spring. Remove spent wands at the base if seed spread into surrounding planting areas is undesirable.
cutRemove tattered or frost-damaged outer leaves in late winter before new growth resumes. Do not bury the crown with mulch.
summer
cutDivide woody, heaving clumps in early fall. Discard the woody center, replant vigorous outer sections at the original soil level, and water in well before winter rains.
watchReduce irrigation once summer heat arrives. Established plants in coastal zones need little to no supplemental water; inland plantings may need occasional deep watering during extended heat.
fall
sowPlant container-grown transplants in fall into well-drained, gritty soil on a shaded or north-facing slope. Set the crown at or slightly above the soil surface to discourage rot.
Common problems

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.

Powdery mildew

Symptoms

White or grey powdery coating on leaves — usually starting on older growth in humid conditions or when nights cool.

Treatment

Improve air circulation by thinning plants. Apply neem oil or potassium bicarbonate spray at first sign. Avoid overhead watering.

Phytophthora Root Rot

Symptoms

Wilting despite moist soil, yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and dark, decayed roots and crown tissue. Vines may collapse during hot weather.

Treatment

Plant in well-draining soil and avoid waterlogging. Remove and destroy affected vines. Improve drainage with raised beds or amended soil and avoid overwatering.