PL. —Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra'Botanical illustration — drop image
Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra'

Japanese Blood Grass

SpringSummerFallInvasive
5a9bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
In bloom
Summer
Peak bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra' is a warm-season ornamental grass grown primarily for foliage color. Leaves emerge green with red tips in spring and deepen to full crimson by fall, making it one of the few grasses used as a color accent rather than for structure or seed interest. It works well in borders, containers, and as a contrast to blue or silver foliage plants.

This cultivar spreads slowly by rhizomes and stays compact. Full sun produces the most intense red; shade causes growth to trend predominantly green. Keep soil evenly moist during establishment. The parent species, Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass), is a federally listed noxious weed across much of the southern US. Any shoots that revert to solid green must be removed and destroyed immediately to prevent potential spread. Some states restrict or ban the sale of this cultivar — confirm local regulations before planting. Soil pH of 5.5–6.5 suits it best, and a light mulch layer helps retain the consistent moisture it prefers.

Rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica are used in traditional Chinese medicine under the name Bai Mao Gen to stop bleeding, reduce fever, and treat urinary tract inflammation. This pertains to the species broadly; the ornamental cultivar is not harvested for medicinal use.

Care guide
SunFull sun to part shade
WaterModerate
SoilMoist, well-drained
Spacing12–18 in
Height12–18 in
Zone5a – 9b
Invasive
Seasonal tasks
spring
watchWater consistently through the first growing season to establish roots. Reduce frequency once the clump is settled.
cutCut all foliage back to 2–3 inches above the crown before new growth begins in late winter or early spring.
sowPlant divisions or container-grown starts once soil has warmed and frost risk has passed. Space 12–18 inches apart and water in well.
summer
watchInspect clumps throughout the season for any all-green reverted shoots. Dig and destroy reverted growth immediately — do not compost it.
watchMonitor soil moisture during heat. Drought stress causes leaf tips to brown and dulls the red coloration.
fall
watchAssess clump spread in fall as color peaks. Mark any divisions needed for next spring before foliage dies back.
Common problems

Rust

Symptoms

Orange to brown raised pustules on the undersides of leaves, with yellow spotting on the upper surface. Heavy infections cause leaves to yellow and drop.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation. Apply a sulfur or copper-based fungicide if it spreads. Clear plant debris in fall.

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.