PL. —Hemerocallis fulvaBotanical illustration — drop image
Hemerocallis fulva

Daylily

SpringSummerFallInvasive
3a9bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
Peak bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Hemerocallis fulva is a rhizomatous perennial native to Asia that has naturalized across much of North America and Europe. Each flower opens for a single day, but established clumps carry dozens of buds and bloom over three to four weeks in midsummer. It is not a true lily; the resemblance to Lilium is superficial.

This species spreads by thick rhizomes and fleshy roots, forming dense colonies that crowd out surrounding plants. In parts of the eastern United States it is considered invasive, particularly along roadsides, stream banks, and disturbed ground. It tolerates a wide pH range (5.5–7.5), poor soils, and brief drought once established. Dividing clumps every three to five years maintains vigor and controls spread. A layer of mulch during establishment conserves moisture and suppresses weeds.

All parts of H. fulva are edible. Young spring shoots are cooked as a vegetable in Chinese and Japanese cuisines. Fresh buds and open flowers can be eaten raw or cooked. Dried flower buds — called golden needles (金针) — are a staple of Chinese cooking, used in hot-and-sour soup and Buddha's Delight. In traditional Chinese medicine the plant is known as forget-sorrow herb and has been used for anxiety, depression, and edema.

Care guide
SunFull sun to part shade
WaterModerate
SoilWell-drained, adaptable, moderately fertile
Spacing18–24 in
Height24–48 in
Zone3a – 9b
Frost hardyInvasive
Seasonal tasks
spring
sowPlant bare-root divisions or container-grown plants with crowns set 1 inch below the soil surface; water in thoroughly.
summer
cutRemove individual spent flowers at the base of their pedicel each morning to keep the clump tidy during the bloom period.
watchInspect leaves for yellow-orange water-soaked streaks running lengthwise — the hallmark of daylily leaf streak disease. Remove and dispose of affected foliage and avoid overhead irrigation.
watchCheck leaf undersides for orange rust pustules during humid periods. Improve air circulation and apply a registered fungicide if infection is widespread.
cutCut all scapes to the ground once the last bud on each stalk has opened, redirecting energy to the crown and rhizomes.
fall
cutCut foliage to the ground after the first hard frost to reduce overwintering sites for fungal disease spores.
sowDivide crowded clumps by lifting the entire mass, separating it into fans of three to five shoots, and replanting immediately at the original depth.
Common problems

Daylily Leaf Streak

Symptoms

Yellow streaks running lengthwise along leaves from tip toward base, progressing to tan or brown necrotic tissue; heavily infected leaves die back prematurely, leaving the clump looking scorched by midsummer.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected foliage as soon as symptoms appear. Avoid overhead irrigation. Apply a broad-spectrum fungicide labeled for Aureobasidium at first sign of infection and repeat per label intervals during wet periods. Cut all foliage to ground level in fall and dispose of debris away from the garden to reduce inoculum for the following season.

Rust

Symptoms

Orange to brown raised pustules on the undersides of leaves, with yellow spotting on the upper surface. Heavy infections cause leaves to yellow and drop.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation. Apply a sulfur or copper-based fungicide if it spreads. Clear plant debris in fall.

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.