PL. —Narcissus pseudonarcissusBotanical illustration — drop image
Narcissus pseudonarcissus

Daffodil

WinterSpring
3a8bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Peak bloom
Spring
Not in bloom
Summer
Not in bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Daffodils are the backbone of the spring cutting garden — reliable, deer-proof, and available in forms ranging from the classic large yellow trumpet to white-and-orange split-cups. Plant bulbs in autumn at three times their depth. In Zone 6b they naturalise freely and multiply over years without lifting.

As cut flowers, daffodils exude a sap that shortens the vase life of other flowers in the same water. Condition them alone for 12 hours first; after conditioning the sap stops and they can be arranged with anything. Cut when the bud is just beginning to show colour but has not yet opened.

Care guide
SunFull sun to partial shade
WaterRegular during growth and bloom; dry during summer dormancy
SoilWell-draining; tolerates clay if not waterlogged in summer
Spacing4–6 inches
Height12–18 inches
Zone3a – 8b
WinterHardy bulb — leave in the ground year-round in Zone 3–8.
Frost hardy
Seasonal tasks
spring
cutCut when bud shows colour but has not yet opened; condition alone for 12 hours
watchAllow foliage to die back naturally — do not cut or tie until it yellows
summer
watchDivide congested clumps every 4–5 years after foliage dies back
fall
sowPlant bulbs in autumn at 3× their own depth
Common problems

Botrytis (grey mould)

Symptoms

Grey fuzzy mould on petals and stems, worst in cool wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove affected parts immediately. Improve air circulation. Avoid overhead watering. Apply copper fungicide if severe.

Narcissus Basal Rot

Symptoms

Brown rot starting at the base of the bulb, spreading upward; soft, decaying tissue and stunted or failed growth in spring. Fungal growth may appear pink or white.

Treatment

Discard infected bulbs. Plant only firm, healthy bulbs in well-draining soil. Avoid hot, wet conditions during summer dormancy and rotate planting sites.

Narcissus Yellow Stripe Virus

Symptoms

Yellow or pale streaks running lengthwise along leaves; distorted foliage and reduced flower size or vigor over successive years.

Treatment

No cure. Remove and destroy infected plants. Control aphids, which spread the virus, and buy certified virus-free bulbs.