PL. —Polygonatum biflorumBotanical illustration — drop image
Polygonatum biflorum

Solomon's Seal (Native)

SpringSummerFall
3a8bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Peak bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
Not in bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Solomon's seal is a shade-tolerant perennial grown for its arching stems and rows of small, bell-shaped flowers that hang beneath the foliage in spring. It spreads slowly by rhizome to form colonies, making it useful for filling woodland borders and shaded areas where many plants struggle.

It grows best in dappled or full shade with consistent soil moisture. Plant rhizomes horizontally a few inches deep in fall or early spring. The plant goes dormant by late summer or early fall, with foliage turning yellow before dying back. Divide established clumps in fall every few years if you want to control spread or propagate.

Care guide
SunPartial to full shade — 2–4 hours of filtered light
Water1 inch per week; keep soil consistently moist
SoilHumus-rich, well-draining; pH 5.5–7.0
Spacing12–24 inches
Height18–36 inches
Zone3a – 8b
Native RegionAL, AR, CT, DE, DC, FL, GA, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NY, NC, OH, OK, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VT, VA, WV, WI
Frost hardy
Seasonal tasks
spring
sowPlant rhizomes horizontally 2–3 inches deep in shaded, humus-rich soil.
watchCheck for emerging shoots and clear leaf litter that may smother new growth.
summer
watchInspect undersides of leaves for sawfly larvae, which can strip foliage quickly.
watchMonitor for leaf spot during humid weather; remove affected foliage.
fall
cutRemove yellowing foliage after the plant dies back to keep beds tidy.
sowDivide and replant rhizomes to control spread or expand the colony.
Common problems

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Pests

Solomon's Seal Sawfly

Phymatocera aterrima
Symptoms

Grey-white larvae with dark heads feed on leaf undersides, stripping foliage to bare midribs and leaving stems skeletonized by midsummer.

Treatment

Inspect leaf undersides from late spring and remove larvae by hand. Knock larvae into soapy water or apply spinosad if infestation is heavy. Plants usually recover the following year even after full defoliation.