PL. —Aralia cordataBotanical illustration — drop image
Aralia cordata

Japanese Spikenard

Summer
3a9bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
In bloom
Summer
Peak bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Japanese spikenard is one of the most dramatically scaled perennials you can grow in a shaded garden — the enormous compound leaves, each up to three feet across, create a bold, almost tropical effect in a woodland setting. It dies back completely to the ground each winter and emerges late in spring, then grows with remarkable speed to its full height by midsummer. Small creamy-white flowers are held in large branching umbels above the foliage in July and August, followed by dark purple berries that draw birds.

In Japan the young shoots are eaten as udo — harvested in early spring before they harden, blanched or eaten raw, with a flavour somewhere between asparagus and celery. The golden-leafed cultivar 'Sun King' has become popular in Western gardens for its chartreuse foliage that lights up shaded spots. Plant where the scale can be appreciated — it is too large for small gardens but genuinely spectacular in a border with ferns, hellebores, and hostas.

Good companions
Care guide
SunPart shade to full shade — tolerates deep shade; can handle more sun with consistent moisture
WaterModerate to high; prefers consistently moist, humus-rich soil; does not like drying out
SoilRich, deep, moist woodland soil; amend generously with compost at planting
Spacing36–48 inches; spreads to 3–5 feet wide
Height4–8 feet
Zone3a – 9b
Frost hardy
Seasonal tasks
spring
cutHarvest young shoots in early spring for eating — cut at ground level before leaves unfurl, like asparagus
watchShoots emerge late — do not assume the plant has died in spring; mark the location to avoid digging it up
fall
cutCut back to ground after first frost — stems are hollow and die cleanly
Common problems

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.

Fungal leaf spot

Symptoms

Brown or purplish spots on the leaves, often ringed with a yellow halo, that spread and merge in warm, humid, or wet weather; heavily spotted leaves yellow and drop early.

Treatment

Pick off spotted leaves and clear fallen debris to remove overwintering spores. Improve air circulation by thinning, and water at the base so foliage dries quickly. If it persists, apply a copper- or sulfur-based fungicide at the first sign.

Pests

Aphids

Aphididae
Symptoms

Clusters of small soft insects on new growth and flower buds.

Treatment

Knock off with a strong jet of water. Ladybirds and lacewings are natural predators. Insecticidal soap as last resort.