PL. —Sinapis albaBotanical illustration — drop image
Sinapis alba

Mustard

SpringFall
3a11aHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
Not in bloom
Summer
Not in bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

White mustard is a fast-growing annual in the brassica family, grown for its peppery young leaves, its seeds (used in condiment mustard), and as a cover crop. It matures quickly, often producing usable leaves within 30 to 40 days, which makes it a good choice for early and late plantings when other crops are slow.

It prefers cool weather and bolts to flower in summer heat. Sow directly in cool soil, thin seedlings, and harvest leaves young for milder flavor. As a cover crop, sow densely and cut down before seed sets to add organic matter and suppress weeds.

Care guide
SunFull sun to partial shade — 4–6 hours daily
Water1 inch per week; keep soil evenly moist
SoilWell-draining, moderate fertility; pH 6.0–7.5
Spacing4–6 inches for greens, thin to wider for seed
Height12–30 inches
Zone3a – 11a
Direct sowFrost hardy
Seasonal tasks
summer
sowSuccession 6
Common problems

White Rust

Symptoms

Raised white to cream-colored pustules on leaf undersides, with yellow blotches on upper surfaces. Infected tissue may swell or distort.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Rotate brassicas and avoid planting in previously infected soil.

Downy mildew

Symptoms

Yellowing on top of leaves with grey-purple fuzz underneath. Spreads rapidly in humid conditions.

Treatment

Remove affected leaves. Improve air circulation. Avoid overhead watering. Copper spray as preventive.

Alternaria blight

Symptoms

Brown circular spots with yellow halos on leaves; spreads rapidly in wet weather.

Treatment

Remove affected leaves immediately. Water at the base only. A copper-based fungicide can help if caught early.

Flea Beetle

Symptoms

Small round shot-holes scattered across leaves; tiny dark beetles that jump when disturbed. Heavy feeding stunts young plants.

Treatment

Use floating row covers on seedlings. Remove crop debris and weeds that harbor beetles. Apply kaolin clay or spinosad if damage is severe.

Clubroot

Symptoms

Swollen, distorted roots; wilting in midday heat; stunted growth and yellowing foliage. Plants recover poorly even with watering.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected plants with roots. Raise soil pH toward 7.2 with lime. Improve drainage and rotate out of brassicas for several years.