PL. —Symphytum officinaleBotanical illustration — drop image
Symphytum officinale

Comfrey

SpringSummer
3a9bHardiness zone
Peak bloom windowZone 6b · frost-offset weeks
Winter
Not in bloom
Spring
Peak bloom
Summer
In bloom
Fall
Not in bloom
Peak bloom
In bloom
Background

Comfrey is one of the most useful plants in the garden even though it barely belongs in the cutting garden — its value is as an accumulator, companion, and compost activator rather than as a cut flower. The deep taproot mines minerals from subsoil and brings them to the surface in leaves that compost or decompose rapidly. Chop and drop the foliage as mulch, or steep in water for a high-potassium liquid feed that dahlias and tomatoes respond to dramatically.

The flowers — small, nodding, lavender-to-pink bells — are attractive to bumblebees at a time when little else is available. The plant spreads by root and is very difficult to remove once established; plant it with intention, not casually. The cultivar 'Bocking 14' is sterile and does not self-seed, which is strongly recommended.

Care guide
SunFull sun to partial shade
WaterLow once established; remarkably drought tolerant
SoilAny — clay, loam, sandy; deeply rooted and hard to kill
Spacing24–36 inches
Height3–5 feet
Zone3a – 9b
Frost hardy
Seasonal tasks
spring
watchNever plant near areas you want to reclaim — roots are deep and persistent
summer
watchSteep cut leaves in water for 4–6 weeks for a powerful liquid feed
cutChelsea chop — cut back hard now to refresh foliage and prevent flopping. Remove any seed heads and bin them — do not compost, comfrey roots from seed aggressively.
cutChelsea chop now and steep the cuttings in water for a compost tea — a high-potassium feed dahlias and tomatoes love. Remove and bin any seed heads to control spread.
Common problems

Rust

Symptoms

Orange to brown raised pustules on the undersides of leaves, with yellow spotting on the upper surface. Heavy infections cause leaves to yellow and drop.

Treatment

Remove and destroy infected leaves. Avoid overhead watering and improve air circulation. Apply a sulfur or copper-based fungicide if it spreads. Clear plant debris in fall.

Powdery mildew

Symptoms

White or grey powdery coating on leaves — usually starting on older growth in humid conditions or when nights cool.

Treatment

Improve air circulation by thinning plants. Apply neem oil or potassium bicarbonate spray at first sign. Avoid overhead watering.

Crown Rot

Symptoms

Lower leaves yellow and wilt; the base of the rosette turns brown and soft, sometimes with white fungal threads at the soil line. Plants collapse in wet conditions.

Treatment

Remove and destroy affected plants. Improve drainage and avoid overhead watering. Do not mulch directly against the crown. Space plants for airflow and avoid replanting in the same wet spot.

From the field journal